Treaty of Protectorate
Signed between Portugal and the Imperial Royal Court of King Muatianvua Mucanza 1887
18 January 1887 in the Court of Mussumba of King MUATIÂNVUA in the right shore of the Calanhi between the rivers Calanhi and Cajidixi in the lat. South of Equator 8º 21’ long. East of Gren223º 11’ and the altitude of 1:009 metres, in great session assembled the King Muatiânvua Mucanza with his Royal Court in Ambula a ceremonial square in front of his residence, in the shadow of 3 great monumental trees which symbolize the institution of the State of the Emperor King Muatianvua it was received in this local companied by the official emissaries of the Emperor King Muatianvua and of Lucuoquexe, the ambassador or Portugal the Portuguese Army major Henrique Augusto Dias de Carvalho which was followed by a portuguese interpreter António Bezerra, of me that I have been served as of secretary, employed by the expedition of José Faustino Samuel, and of António Rocha and his country men and companions of the Colony of which he is the chief in Luambata for the last 8 years in substitution of Lourenço Bezerra that he created 15 years ago and he removed from everything to Malange where he died 2 years ago: by Chiota master of ceremonies and the great Potentate Chief Muene Dinhinga: - we started then the firing of weapons in symbol of happiness for the arrival of the ambassador and after the exchange of greetings in the usual manner the ambassador was sited in a chair at the right of the Emperor King Muatianvua Mucanza that he was seated under the royal canopy in the golden gilded chair, a gift that the portuguese expedition brought, and after a reverenced silence it was read and singed the following:
Art. 1.º - The Muatiânvua and his court and the heirs of the present potentate chiefs, Muatas of Lucano declared: they will never recognise any other sovereignty other than that of portugal under the protectorate of which long ago their grand fathers placed all their territories by them governed and which constitute the State of Luanda and that they await that they be now occupied by the ambassador of his Majesty Fidelíssima.
Art. 2.º – It is considerate by the side of the portuguese government the present Muatas, Muenes and Monas, and all other Quilolos of High and Low Nobility, Chiefs of States and of smaller villages, all other dignitaries and Cacuatas and all their people has subjects of portugal, and the territories that they occupy or may acquire as integral part of the portuguese territories.
Art. 3.º – Each other shall be obliged to protect and allow the ways to the villages and to allow the freedom of commerce and of legal industry to all portuguese individuals or in possession of authorization or order granted by the Governor General of the Angolan Province, and to consent, to aid and to guarantee the establishment of missions, factories, of colonies, of military fortifications, of authorities and to facilitate the passage of scouts and portuguese travellers in your Territories.
Art. 4.º - The Emperor King Muatiânvua and his Royal Court will not consent that in any case and under no pretext the subject authorities of the Muatianvua , for as far it may be their dominions from the capital of the Kingdom permit the establishment in their lands of colonies, forces or agents not portuguese or under any other flag that may not be that of portugal, without the previous authorization of the delegates of the portuguese government in the Lunda, and until this will not present themselves, of the Governor General of Angola, nor can negotiate with foreigner or national any political concession of territories or power.
Art. 5.º – Compromises the Muatianvua and all the Potentate Chiefs Muastas and others his subjects not to make nor consent other to make in their territories human sacrifices, sell or exchange of people for articles of commerce or the payment of demands or penalties with people.
Art. 6.º – All subject authorities to the Muatianvua with his sanction, are obliged from now on to allow the passage, to give security and assistance to all merchants and other persons that in peace and orderly manner may have to cross or travel in your territories and villages, they must not request from them any taxes or levies to none who have been previously regulated and giving to the portuguese authorities or to any who represents it the nearest, without bad treatment, violence or ado, to person or persons strange to their country or tribe that are suspected of having committed any damage in their territories.
Art. 7.º – That all the Subjects of the King Muatianvua shall keep peace with the subject people and friends of portugal and with the portuguese, submitting the dissensions and the litigations when they arise and may be detrimental to the judgement of the portuguese authorities.
Art. 8.º – Portugal by its delegates or representatives recognizes all the present Chiefs and those in future will confirm all those who to them will succeed or that may be elevated to that category in accordance with the usages and costumes that may be confirmed by the King Muatianvua; and obliges to maintain the integrity of all his territories under his PROTECORATE and will respect and it will make it to be respected the usages and costumes while they are not modified by others that may be instituted for the same effects and more profitable to the land and its inhabitants.
Art. 9.º – When any complain be made, all will assist the authorities in the task to achieve it, be it against who it may with part or with all its war forces.
Art. 10.º – Recognised has it is Ianvo, common for Xa Madiamba elected by the Royal Court of King Muatianvua; the present Treaty before it is presented to the government of his majesty fidelíssima it will be submitted to his appreciation, and may he with Caungula and Muata Cumbana make yet any alterations they may see fit to obtain the PROTECTION that they ask to portugal, and can only have execution by the order of the government of his majesty and after the establishment of its delegates in the Lands of Lunda.
Calanhi the capital of the State of the King Muatianvua 18 of January 1887 by others has the procurators and placing them a + at the side of their names;
+ Muatianvua Mucanza
+ Suana Mulopo Umbala,
+ Lucuoquexe Palanga,
+ Muari Camina,
+ Suana Murunda,
+ Muene Dinhinga,
+ Canapumba Andunda,
+ Calala Catembo,
+ Muitia,
+ Muene Panda,
+ Cabatalata,
+ Paulo,
+ Adolpho,
+ Paulino of Loanda,
+ António Martins,
+ Domingos Simão of Ambaca,
and signed António da Rocha, José Rodrigues da Cruz, António Bezerra of Lisboa, Agostinho Alexandre Bezerra, João Pedro da Silva, Henrique Augusto Dias de Carvalho the Chief of the Portuguese Expedition to the Court of the Muatianvua, and at last me José Faustino Samuel who wrote it. It is in conformity and from it, it has been made two copies one of which it was left to the King Muatianvua, which was given to Camexi to present to Xa-Madiamba and the original that will be sent to the government of his Majesty Fidelíssima.
José Faustino Samuel, Serving as Secretary
